Original Research
Monitoring consumptive resource use in South African national parks
Submitted: 17 January 2018 | Published: 30 January 2019
About the author(s)
Wessel Vermeulen, Garden Route Scientific Services, Conservation Services, South African National Parks, Knysna, South AfricaNicola van Wilgen, Cape Research Centre, Conservation Services, South African National Parks, Steenberg, South Africa; and, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
Kyle Smith, Garden Route Scientific Services, Conservation Services, South African National Parks, Sedgefield, South Africa
Mbulelo Dopolo, Cape Research Centre, Conservation Services, South African National Parks, Steenberg, South Africa
Louise Swemmer, Savanna and Arid Research Unit, Conservation Services, South African National Parks, Phalaborwa, South Africa
Wendy Annecke, Cape Research Centre, Conservation Services, South African National Parks, Steenberg, South Africa
Hugo Bezuidenhout, Savanna and Arid Research Unit, Conservation Services, South African National Parks, Kimberley, South Africa; and, Applied Behavioural Ecology and Ecosystem Research Unit, University of South Africa, South Africa
Graham Durrheim, Garden Route Scientific Services, Conservation Services, South African National Parks, Knysna, South Africa
Nick Hanekom, Garden Route Scientific Services, Conservation Services, South African National Parks, Sedgefield, South Africa
Howard Hendricks, Conservation Services, South African National Parks, Pretoria, South Africa
Melodie McGeoch, Cape Research Centre, Conservation Services, South African National Parks, Steenberg, South Africa
Ntombizodwa Ngubeni, Garden Route Scientific Services, Conservation Services, South African National Parks, Knysna, South Africa
Alexis Symonds, Conservation Services, South African National Parks, Pretoria, South Africa
Abstract
Monitoring is an essential component of measuring the performance of protected areas. This requirement led to the development of a biodiversity monitoring system for South African National Parks (SANParks). The system comprises of ten major programmes, each focusing on a core area of conservation biodiversity monitoring, with resource use being one of the focal areas. With the growing appreciation of the importance of natural resources for the socio-economic well-being of communities and other stakeholders, sustainable resource use is an important component of the management of natural areas and national parks. To gauge sustainability, a sound monitoring and research programme that fits within the context of the SANParks’ adaptive management approach towards social-ecological system management is required. The purpose of this article was to define the context and scope in which consumptive resource use takes place within SANParks and to outline the criteria necessary for developing a sound monitoring programme to assess the sustainability of such use. The monitoring programme is structured in view of the fact that sustainable resource use is achievable only where all dimensions of sustainability (social, economic and ecological) are considered simultaneously. In terms of the social and economic dimensions of sustainability, the programme provides for assessing stakeholder needs, trends in resource use and the social and economic impacts of resource use. Monitoring that relates to the ecological dimension of sustainability of biological resource use deals with the rate of turnover and population dynamics of target species, as well as harvest impact. In terms of abiotic (non-renewable) resources, monitoring deals with sound management practices to minimise impact on the environment, and to optimise benefits through responsible use.
Conservation implications: The resource use monitoring programme is intended to ensure that monitoring relating to the harvesting of natural resources from national parks is scientifically sound and conducted in a structured way, towards meeting the objective of sustainable use and compliance with national legislation. The article illustrates how SANParks meets its obligation to monitor biodiversity conservation while at the same time meeting the needs for the consumptive use of resources.
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